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Trade Finance & Guarantees
16 policies in this group

Trade Finance & Guarantees

Bank instruments and guarantees that help deals close: letters of credit, bonds, proof of funds and import finance, arranged through our banking partners and explained step by step.

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All 16 policies in this group

01 / 16

Bank Guarantees

A bank's formal promise to pay a beneficiary if you or your counterparty fail to meet a contractual obligation, giving both sides confidence to proceed.

What's Covered

  • Advance payment, performance, and retention guarantees
  • Tender and warranty guarantees
  • Issued through our banking relationships on your behalf
  • Structured against the specific contract they support

Who This Is For

Businesses that need to give a counterparty a bank-backed assurance before a contract will proceed.

Good to Know

The guarantee type needs to match the contract clause requiring it. Using the wrong one is a common and avoidable delay.

Usually Not Covered

  • Claims made outside the guarantee's specified validity period
  • Obligations not described in the underlying contract
  • Fraudulent demands identified as such under the guarantee's terms
02 / 16

Standby Letter of Credit

A bank's commitment to pay a beneficiary if their client defaults on an agreement, a fallback guarantee rather than a primary payment method.

What's Covered

  • SBLC issuance as a fallback payment guarantee
  • Structuring against trade or financial contract terms
  • Use as security for a wide range of commercial obligations
  • Coordination with the beneficiary's bank on wording

Who This Is For

Businesses needing to reassure a counterparty that payment is guaranteed if the primary agreement isn't honoured.

Good to Know

An SBLC only pays out on default. It isn't drawn down in the ordinary course of a transaction the way a documentary credit is.

Usually Not Covered

  • Demands made after the SBLC's expiry date
  • Non-compliant documentation under the instrument's terms
  • Obligations not covered by the SBLC's specific wording
03 / 16

Documentary & Deferred Letters of Credit

Payment released once shipping documents are presented, with deferred terms letting the buyer settle at an agreed later date.

What's Covered

  • Sight LCs releasing payment on presentation of compliant documents
  • Deferred payment LCs for agreed later settlement
  • Document checking support to reduce discrepancies
  • Coordination with both buyer's and seller's banks

Who This Is For

Importers and exporters who want payment conditional on shipping documents, with or without a deferred settlement period for the buyer.

Good to Know

Discrepant documents are the single biggest cause of delayed LC payment. We help get the paperwork right before it's presented.

Usually Not Covered

  • Payment where presented documents are discrepant and not corrected in time
  • Goods or terms not matching the LC's exact wording
  • Delays caused by the applicant's own bank, outside the beneficiary's control
04 / 16

Red Clause Letters of Credit

Lets an exporter draw an advance before goods are shipped, helping fund production or purchase ahead of delivery.

What's Covered

  • Pre-shipment advance drawn against the LC
  • Structured recovery of the advance against final shipment
  • Used to fund production, harvesting, or procurement
  • Agreed alongside the buyer's standard LC terms

Who This Is For

Exporters who need working capital before goods are shipped, and buyers willing to support that with an advance clause.

Good to Know

Because it's an unsecured advance from the buyer's perspective, this clause depends on an established, trusted trading relationship.

Usually Not Covered

  • Advances beyond the agreed red clause limit
  • Failure to ship goods as required to justify the advance
  • Disputes over the underlying trade contract terms
05 / 16

Demand Guarantees

The issuing bank pays the beneficiary on first demand, without needing to prove the underlying contract was actually breached.

What's Covered

  • On-demand payment without proof of underlying default
  • Used across construction, trade, and supply contracts
  • Structured to match the specific obligation it secures
  • Issued via our banking relationships

Who This Is For

Beneficiaries who need certainty of payment on demand, and businesses whose counterparties require this stronger form of guarantee.

Good to Know

Because payment isn't conditional on proving fault, these carry more risk for the applicant. We make sure you understand that before issuing one.

Usually Not Covered

  • Demands made after the guarantee's expiry
  • Clearly fraudulent or abusive calls, where legally established as such
  • Obligations outside the guarantee's specific wording
06 / 16

Performance Bonds

Compensates a project owner if a contractor fails to complete work to the agreed standard, scope, or timeline.

What's Covered

  • Compensation if contracted work isn't completed as agreed
  • Typically a percentage of total contract value
  • Common on construction and large supply contracts
  • Released on satisfactory contract completion

Who This Is For

Contractors required to provide project owners with security against non-performance, and project owners requiring that security.

Good to Know

Bond value and wording usually need to match a specific clause in the underlying contract. Get that agreed before applying.

Usually Not Covered

  • Delays or shortfalls outside the contractor's control (e.g. force majeure, if excluded)
  • Amounts beyond the bond's stated percentage of contract value
  • Claims not notified within the bond's validity period
07 / 16

Bid Bonds

Security lodged during a tender process, protecting the project owner if a winning bidder withdraws or won't sign the contract.

What's Covered

  • Security lodged as part of a formal tender submission
  • Compensation if a winning bid is withdrawn or not honoured
  • Typically a fixed percentage of the tender value
  • Released once the contract is signed or the tender concludes

Who This Is For

Businesses bidding for tenders that require bid security as a condition of entry.

Good to Know

Bid bonds usually need to be in place before a submission deadline. Start this well ahead of the tender close date.

Usually Not Covered

  • Withdrawal for reasons permitted under the tender's own rules
  • Amounts beyond the bond's fixed percentage of tender value
  • Bonds lodged after the tender submission deadline
08 / 16

Proof of Funds Messages

A bank-verified message confirming a buyer has funds available to complete a transaction, giving sellers confidence before proceeding.

What's Covered

  • Bank-verified confirmation of available funds
  • Issued ahead of a proposed transaction, not as a payment itself
  • Used to demonstrate credibility before detailed negotiation
  • Coordinated with your bank's messaging procedures

Who This Is For

Buyers who need to demonstrate financial capacity before a seller will commit time to a transaction.

Good to Know

A POF message is evidence of funds, not a payment or a guarantee. It's usually a first step, not the final instrument in a deal.

Usually Not Covered

  • Use as a substitute for an actual payment or binding guarantee
  • Funds not genuinely available at the time the message is issued
  • Transactions unrelated to the one the message was issued for
09 / 16

Pre-Advice Messages (MT799)

A secure SWIFT message banks exchange to confirm intent to issue a financial instrument before the formal documentation follows.

What's Covered

  • SWIFT MT799 messaging between banks
  • Confirms intent to issue before full documentation is ready
  • Used to give counterparties early confidence in a deal
  • Followed by the full instrument once terms are finalised

Who This Is For

Parties who need early, bank-verified confirmation that an instrument is being arranged, ahead of the final paperwork.

Good to Know

An MT799 is a statement of intent, not a binding commitment. The actual instrument still needs to be issued afterward.

Usually Not Covered

  • Reliance on the message as a final, binding instrument
  • Terms not yet confirmed in the eventual formal documentation
  • Use outside the specific transaction it was issued for
10 / 16

Joint Venture Support

Risk and guarantee structuring for two or more businesses entering a joint venture, so liability and exposure are clearly divided.

What's Covered

  • Guarantee and instrument structuring across JV partners
  • Clear allocation of liability and exposure between parties
  • Coordination across each partner's own banking relationships
  • Support through the life of the venture, not just at setup

Who This Is For

Businesses entering a joint venture who want financial exposure and guarantees clearly divided between partners from the outset.

Good to Know

Getting this structure right at formation avoids disputes over liability later. It's much harder to unpick after the venture is underway.

Usually Not Covered

  • Liabilities not specifically allocated in the JV structuring
  • Disputes arising from matters outside the agreed guarantee structure
  • Changes to the venture not reflected in updated documentation
11 / 16

Import Finance

Short-term funding that bridges the gap between paying an overseas supplier and receiving payment from your own buyers.

What's Covered

  • Short-term funding to pay overseas suppliers
  • Structured against confirmed purchase orders or contracts
  • Bridges the gap until your own customers pay
  • Can be combined with an LC or bank guarantee

Who This Is For

Importers whose cash flow cycle doesn't line up with supplier payment terms and customer receipts.

Good to Know

This is working-capital finance, not insurance. We arrange it through our banking relationships alongside any related trade instrument.

Usually Not Covered

  • Funding beyond the confirmed purchase order or contract value
  • Use for purposes unrelated to the financed import transaction
  • Repayment terms not agreed before funds are drawn
12 / 16

Advance Payment Bonds

Guarantees that a down payment or advance is repaid if the contractor or supplier who received it fails to deliver.

What's Covered

  • Repayment of advances or deposits if the contract isn't performed
  • Reducing value as work progresses and the advance is earned
  • Bank-issued or insurance-backed (surety) options
  • Wording checked against the contract and buyer's requirements

Who This Is For

Contractors, manufacturers and suppliers asked to secure an upfront payment before a buyer will release it.

Good to Know

Ask for a reducing (amortising) bond. The guaranteed amount falls as the advance is worked off, which lowers your exposure and often the cost.

Usually Not Covered

  • Performance failures beyond the advance itself (that's a performance bond)
  • Disputes the bond wording doesn't refer to
  • Advances paid outside the agreed contract terms
13 / 16

Retention Bonds

Replaces cash retentions held back from your invoices with a bond, so the money comes to you instead of sitting with the employer.

What's Covered

  • Release of retention monies normally held until project completion
  • Cover through the defects or maintenance period
  • Bank or surety-issued bonds to suit the employer
  • Advice on standard wordings used in construction contracts

Who This Is For

Construction contractors and subcontractors who routinely have 3-5% of every payment withheld as retention.

Good to Know

On a large project, retentions can tie up a significant amount of working capital for years. A bond usually costs far less than the cash it frees up.

Usually Not Covered

  • Defects or claims beyond the bond amount
  • Contracts where the employer refuses bonds in place of cash
  • Retentions already released or offset
14 / 16

Maintenance & Warranty Bonds

Guarantees that defects found after handover will be put right during the agreed maintenance or warranty period.

What's Covered

  • Rectification of defects during the defects liability period
  • Equipment and installation warranty obligations
  • Bank or surety-issued options
  • Expiry dates and amounts matched to the contract

Who This Is For

Contractors, equipment suppliers and installers whose buyers want security that warranty promises will be honoured.

Good to Know

A maintenance bond often replaces the performance bond at handover, usually for a smaller amount, so plan the switch-over date in advance.

Usually Not Covered

  • Normal wear and tear or misuse by the buyer
  • Defects reported after the bond has expired
  • Consequential losses the contract doesn't cover
15 / 16

Payment Guarantees

A bank's guarantee that a buyer will pay a supplier for goods or services delivered on agreed terms.

What's Covered

  • Payment security for open-account or credit-term sales
  • Single-contract or revolving guarantees
  • Arranged for buyers wanting better supplier terms
  • Wording aligned with international rules (URDG 758) where needed

Who This Is For

Buyers who want suppliers to extend credit terms, and suppliers selling to new or overseas customers.

Good to Know

For buyers, a payment guarantee can unlock longer credit terms from suppliers who would otherwise insist on payment upfront.

Usually Not Covered

  • Disputes over quality or delivery not covered by the wording
  • Payments falling outside the guarantee's validity
  • Amounts above the guaranteed limit
16 / 16

Customs & Excise Bonds

Guarantees to customs and tax authorities that duties and taxes will be paid, for duty deferment, transit and bonded warehousing.

What's Covered

  • Duty deferment guarantees
  • Transit (T1) guarantees for goods moving under customs control
  • Bonded warehouse and excise guarantees
  • Bank or insurance-backed options to protect your credit lines

Who This Is For

Importers, freight forwarders, customs brokers and warehouse operators dealing with duties and excise on a regular basis.

Good to Know

Customs guarantees are often a licensing requirement. Arranging them through an insurer rather than a bank can preserve your borrowing capacity.

Usually Not Covered

  • Penalties for fraud or deliberate non-compliance
  • Duties on goods outside the guaranteed procedure
  • Amounts above the authorised guarantee level

Documents You'll Need

Trade contract or purchase order, company financials, and details of the counterparty the instrument is issued to.

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